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Energy modeling – the process of building computer models of energy systems; Energy system – the interpretation of the energy sector in system terms; Open Energy Modelling Initiative – a European-based energy modeling community; Open energy system databases – database projects which collect, clean, and republish energy-related datasets
Crystalline solids and molecular solids are two opposite extreme cases of materials that exhibit substantially different transport mechanisms. While in atomic solids transport is intra-molecular, also known as band transport, in molecular solids the transport is inter-molecular, also known as hopping transport.
The Dexter energy transfer rate, , is indicated by the formula: = ′ [] where is the separation of the donor from the acceptor, is the sum of the Van der Waals radii of the donor and the acceptor, and ′ is the normalized spectral overlap integral, where normalized means that both emission intensity and extinction coefficient have been adjusted to unit area.
In a spark gap Tesla coil, the primary-to-secondary energy transfer process happens repetitively at typical pulsing rates of 50–500 times per second, depending on the frequency of the input line voltage. At these rates, previously-formed leader channels do not get a chance to fully cool down between pulses.
The SET rate follows the inverse of the fourth power of the distance [2] = where is the donor emission lifetime; is the distance between donor-acceptor; is the distance at which SET efficiency decreases to 50% (i.e., equal probability of energy transfer and spontaneous emission).
There are some notable similarities in equations for momentum, energy, and mass transfer [7] which can all be transported by diffusion, as illustrated by the following examples: Mass: the spreading and dissipation of odors in air is an example of mass diffusion. Energy: the conduction of heat in a solid material is an example of heat diffusion.
Bioelectrogenesis — The generation of electricity by living organisms. Capacitive coupling — Transfer of energy within an electrical network or between distant networks by means of displacement current. Contact electrification — The phenomenon of electrification by contact. When two objects were touched together, sometimes the objects ...
SMES loses the least amount of electricity in the energy storage process compared to other methods of storing energy. SMES systems are highly efficient; the round-trip efficiency is greater than 95%. [3] Due to the energy requirements of refrigeration and the high cost of superconducting wire, SMES is currently used for short duration energy ...