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In the post-reform period, an industrial revolution ended in Russia. After 1861, all the prerequisites arose for the final conversion of manufacturing into factory production. By the early 1880s, the main industrial products began to be produced at factories and plants using machines and mechanisms driven by steam. [citation needed]
Under Tsar Nicholas II (reigned 1894–1917), the Russian Empire slowly industrialized while repressing opposition from the center and the far-left.During the 1890s Russia's industrial development led to a large increase in the size of the urban middle class and of the working class, which gave rise to a more dynamic political atmosphere. [1]
By the start of the 19th century, Russian territory extended from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea in the south, and from the Baltic Sea in the west to Alaska, Hawaii, and California in the east. By the end of the 19th century, Russia had expanded its control over the Caucasus, most of Central Asia and parts of Northeast Asia ...
In 1855, Alexander II began his reign as Tsar of Russia and presided over a period of political and social reform, notably the emancipation of serfs in 1861 and the lifting of censorship. His successor Alexander III (r. 1881–1894) pursued a policy of repression and restricted public expenditure, but continued land and labour reforms.
The effect of industrialisation shown by rising income levels in the 19th century, including gross national product at purchasing power parity per capita between 1750 and 1900 in 1990 U.S. dollars for the First World, including Western Europe, United States, Canada and Japan, and Third World nations of Europe, Southern Asia, Africa, and Latin America [1] The effect of industrialisation is also ...
Industrialization in the Soviet Union was a process of accelerated building-up of the industrial potential of the Soviet Union to reduce the economy's lag behind the developed capitalist states, which was carried out from May 1929 to June 1941.
[1] [2] In the aftermath, GDP per capita was volatile and did not substantially increase. [1] [2] Steady economic growth began in the 1890s, alongside a structural transformation of the Russian economy. [1] By the time World War I started, more than half the Russian economy was still devoted to agriculture.
The New Russia: A Handbook of Economic and Political Developments. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-136-87065-1. Lawrence N. Langer (2002). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Medieval Russia. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6618-8. "Russian Federation: Chronology". Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia 2003. Europa Publications. 2002.