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Prostate biopsy is a procedure in which small hollow needle-core samples are removed from a man's prostate gland to be examined for the presence of prostate cancer. It is typically performed when the result from a PSA blood test is high. [1] It may also be considered advisable after a digital rectal exam (DRE) finds possible abnormality.
Transrectal biopsy is a biopsy procedure in which a sample of tissue is removed from the prostate using a thin needle that is inserted through the rectum and into the prostate. [1] Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) is usually used to guide the needle. [2] [3] The sample is examined under a microscope to see if it contains cancer.
Transrectal biopsies, the more common type, involve inserting a needle through the rectum to obtain tissue samples. However, they may not accurately sample the entire prostate, increasing the risk of missed diagnoses, and have a higher risk of infection due to the insertion through the rectum.
Transrectal ultrasonography, or TRUS in short, is a method of creating an image of organs in the pelvis, most commonly used to perform an ultrasound-guided needle biopsy evaluation of the prostate gland in men with elevated prostate-specific antigen or prostatic nodules on digital rectal exam.
As the name indicates, it is performed by visualising the prostate through the urethra and removing tissue by electrocautery or sharp dissection. It has been the standard treatment for BPH for many years, but recently alternative, minimally invasive techniques have become available. [1] This procedure is done with spinal or general anaesthetic.
Transurethral biopsy is a biopsy procedure in which a sample of tissue is removed from the prostate for examination under a microscope. A thin, lighted tube is inserted through the urethra into the prostate, and a small piece of tissue is removed with a cutting loop .
[8] [9] Infection after the biopsy procedure is a possible risk. [10] MRI-guided techniques have improved the diagnostic accuracy of the procedure. [12] [13] Biopsies can be done through the rectum or perineum. [29] The biopsy technique includes factors such as needle angle and prostate mapping method. [30]
An incisional biopsy or core biopsy samples a portion of the abnormal tissue without attempting to remove the entire lesion or tumor. When a sample of tissue or fluid is removed with a needle in such a way that cells are removed without preserving the histological architecture of the tissue cells, the procedure is called a needle aspiration biopsy.