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The overall incidence of adverse drug reactions to sulfa antibiotics is approximately 3%, close to penicillin; [3] hence medications containing sulfonamides are prescribed carefully. Sulfonamide drugs were the first broadly effective antibacterials to be used systemically, and paved the way for the antibiotic revolution in medicine.
Sulfanilamide (also spelled sulphanilamide) is a sulfonamide antibacterial drug. Chemically, it is an organic compound consisting of an aniline derivatized with a sulfonamide group. [ 1 ] Powdered sulfanilamide was used by the Allies in World War II to reduce infection rates and contributed to a dramatic reduction in mortality rates compared to ...
Many important drugs contain the sulfonamide group. [1] A sulfonamide (compound) is a chemical compound that contains this group. The general formula is R−SO 2 NR'R" or R−S(=O) 2 −NR'R", where each R is some organic group; for example, "methanesulfonamide" (where R = methane, R' = R" = hydrogen) is CH 3 SO 2 NH 2.
Author of The Demon Under the Microscope, a history of the discovery of the sulfa drugs; A History of the Fight Against Tuberculosis in Canada (Chemotherapy) Presentation speech, Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine, 1939; The History of WW II Medicine "Five Medical Miracles of the Sulfa Drugs". Popular Science, June 1942, pp. 73–78.
Of the allergic reactions, skin rashes, eosinophilia and drug fever were the most common, while serious reactions were less common. Sulfamethoxazole is contraindicated in people with a known hypersensitivity to trimethoprim or sulfonamides. [9]
Prontosil is an antibacterial drug of the sulfonamide group. It has a relatively broad effect against gram-positive cocci but not against enterobacteria.One of the earliest antimicrobial drugs, it was widely used in the mid-20th century but is little used today because better options now exist.
Mafenide is used to treat severe burns. [1] [2] It is used topically as an adjunctive therapy for second- and third-degree burns.It is bacteriostatic against many gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
It is a good antibacterial drug, but its water solubility is very pH dependent. Thus there is a risk of crystallization within the bladder or urethra , which could lead to pain or blockage. As with other sulfonamides, there is a significant risk of agranulocytosis , and this, rather than the development of resistance by bacteria, is the main ...