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Physiognomy of the melancholic temperament (drawing by Thomas Holloway, c.1789, made for Johann Kaspar Lavater's Essays on Physiognomy). Melancholia or melancholy (from Greek: µέλαινα χολή melaina chole, [1] meaning black bile) [2] is a concept found throughout ancient, medieval, and premodern medicine in Europe that describes a condition characterized by markedly depressed mood ...
Melancholia was a far broader concept than today's depression; prominence was given to a clustering of the symptoms of sadness, dejection, and despondency, and often fear, anger, delusions and obsessions were included. [3] Physicians in the Persian and then the Muslim world developed ideas about melancholia during the Islamic Golden Age.
Depressive personality disorder, also known as melancholic personality disorder, is a former psychiatric diagnosis that denotes a personality disorder with depressive features. Originally included in the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-II , [ citation needed ] , depressive personality disorder was removed from the DSM-III and DSM-III-R .
This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: Many outdated sources and information (older than five years). Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (July 2024) Medical condition Major depressive disorder Other names Clinical depression, major depression, unipolar depression, unipolar disorder, recurrent depression Sorrowing Old Man (At ...
Atypical depression can be differentiated from melancholic depression via verbal fluency tests and psychomotor speed tests. Although both show impairment in several areas such as visuospatial memory and verbal fluency, melancholic patients tend to show more impairment than atypical depressed patients. [10]
Melancholy is said to allow one to "feel connected to the ecstasies of the universe", but depression is a source of despair. [21] Though the two states "take you to completely different destinations", Cain posits that melancholy and depression themselves probably differ as a matter of degree rather than as a matter of kind. [21]
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Psychotic major depression (PMD), or simply psychotic depression, is the term for a major depressive episode, in particular of melancholic nature, wherein the patient experiences psychotic symptoms such as delusions or, less commonly, hallucinations. These are most commonly mood-congruent (content coincident with depressive themes).