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An adrenergic storm is a sudden and dramatic increase in serum levels of the catecholamines adrenaline and noradrenaline (also known as epinephrine and norepinephrine respectively), with a less significant increase in dopamine transmission.
The general function of norepinephrine is to mobilize the brain and body for action. Norepinephrine release is lowest during sleep, rises during wakefulness, and reaches much higher levels during situations of stress or danger, in the so-called fight-or-flight response. In the brain, norepinephrine increases arousal and alertness, promotes ...
Additionally, noradrenergic CNS hyperactivity may play a role as CNS norepinephrine concentrations are increased in SS and levels appear to correlate with the clinical outcome. Other neurotransmitters may also play a role; NMDA receptor antagonists and γ-aminobutyric acid have been suggested as affecting the development of the syndrome. [ 6 ]
Serotonin syndrome is a potentially life-threatening drug reaction that causes the body to have too much serotonin. It can be caused by certain drug interactions, as well as drinking alcohol while ...
SSRIs increase the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin by limiting its reabsorption (reuptake) into the presynaptic cell. [2] They have varying degrees of selectivity for the other monoamine transporters , with pure SSRIs having strong affinity for the serotonin transporter and only weak affinity for the norepinephrine and ...
For example, high levels of adrenaline cause smooth muscle relaxation in the airways but causes contraction of the smooth muscle that lines most arterioles. Adrenaline is a nonselective agonist of all adrenergic receptors, including the major subtypes α 1, α 2, β 1, β 2, and β 3. [73]
“Too much protein can increase the risk of kidney stones and, in severe cases, kidney damage,” warns Best. “If you notice kidney pain or changes in urination, it might be time to reevaluate ...
Since everyone’s different, there’s no absolute answer to the question of how much caffeine is too much. Specific conditions excepted, most adults are probably safe with the FDA’s 400 mg per ...