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Cocaine also blocks the serotonin transporter and norepinephrine transporter, inhibiting reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine from the synaptic cleft into the pre-synaptic axon terminal and increasing activation of serotonin receptors and norepinephrine receptors in the post-synaptic neuron, contributing to the mental and physical effects ...
The duration of cocaine use is a major contributing factor to the severity of the adverse retinal effect. [ 24 ] Cocaine use is also associated with retinal hemorrhage due to the general increase in blood pressure and blood vessel occlusion within the retina. [ 25 ]
Cocaine is a relatively "balanced" inhibitor, although facilitation of dopaminergic neurotransmission is what has been linked to the reinforcing and addictive effects. In addition, cocaine has some serious limitations in terms of its cardiotoxicity [194] due to its local anesthetic activity. Thousands of cocaine users are admitted to emergency ...
These chemicals inhibit the action of DAT and, to a lesser extent, the other monoamine transporters, but their effects are mediated by separate mechanisms. Monoamine transporters are established targets for many pharmacological agents that affect brain function, including the psychostimulants cocaine and amphetamine. Cocaine and amphetamine ...
DRIs may be divisible into two different types with different effects: (1) typical or conventional DRIs like cocaine, WIN-35428 (β-CFT), and methylphenidate that produce potent psychostimulant, euphoric, and reinforcing effects; and (2) atypical DRIs like vanoxerine (GBR-12909), modafinil, benztropine, and bupropion, which do not produce such effects or have greatly reduced such effects. [11]
How does pink cocaine affect someone? It can be hard to determine how the drug cocktail may affect someone after ingesting it. WebMD said this is due to several factors: the types of drugs mixed ...
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The RGC will then extend an axon in the retinal ganglion cell layer, which is directed by laminin contact. [19] The retraction of the apical process of the RGC is likely mediated by Slit–Robo signaling. [13] RGCs will grow along glial end feet positioned on the inner surface (side closest to the future vitreous humor).