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The exile of Rama is an event featured in the Ramayana, [1] [2] [a] and is an important period in the life of Rama. In the epic, Rama is exiled by his father, Dasharatha , under the urging of his step-mother Kaikeyi , accompanied by his wife Sita and half-brother Lakshmana for 14 years. [ 3 ]
Dasharatha was born as the son of King Aja of Kosala and Indumati of Vidarbha. [2] He was originally named Nemi, but he acquired the moniker Dasharatha ('ten chariots') as his chariot could move in all ten directions, fly, and return to earth, and he could fight with ease in all of these directions.
Samprati, who succeeded Dasharatha, was according to the Hindu Puranas, [2] the latter's son and according to the Buddhist and Jain sources, [2] Kunala's son (making him possibly a brother of Dasharatha). The familial relationship between the two is thus not clear although evidently they were closely related members of the imperial family. [2]
Rama, Lakshmana, and Sita with Jain acharya yugal-charan, Swarn Jain temple in Gwalior. Following is the outline of Rama story from the Jain narratives: [7] [8] Dasharatha was the king of Ikshvaku dynasty who ruled Ayodhya. He had four princes: Padma (Rama), Narayana , Bharata and Shatrughna. Janaka ruled Videha.
Dasaratha offers, and Kaikeya does so to announce Bharata as the Emperor and exile of Rama for 14 years. The heartbroken Dasaratha, constrained by his rigid devotion to his given word, accedes to Kaikeyi's demands. Rama also deliberately accepts his father's reluctant decree with absolute submission and calm self-control.
Soon after the departure of Rama, Dasharatha died of grief. [10] Upon returning to Ayodhya, Bharata and Shatrughana were mortified to learn the events that had transpired in their absence. Bharata grew estranged from his mother and attempted to recall Rama, Sita, and Lakshmana from their exile. Bharata faints during his father Dasaratha's cremation
The Jataka describes the previous birth of Buddha as Rama-Pandita, a Bodhisattva.The Jataka focus on moral of non-attachment and obedience. Rama, the crown prince, was sent to exile of twelve years by his father, King Dasaratha, as his father was afraid that the Bodhisatta would be killed by his step-mother for the kingdom (of Varanasi).
After Rama's departure, both Dasharatha and Kausalya are left to grieve and reflect on how their past led to the loss of their son, until soon after, Dasharatha passes away. [2] Kausalya accuses her husband Dashratha of having destroyed Rama when banishing him to exile.