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Complex power, S Apparent power, |S| Phase of voltage relative to current, Engineers use the following terms to describe energy flow in a system (and assign each of them a different unit to differentiate between them): Active power, [5] P, or real power: [6] watt (W); Reactive power, Q: volt-ampere reactive (var);
The power factor is defined as the ratio of real power to apparent power. As power is transferred along a transmission line, it does not consist purely of real power that can do work once transferred to the load, but rather consists of a combination of real and reactive power, called apparent power.
The relationship between real power and apparent power is described by the power factor. With a purely resistive load, they are the same: the apparent power is equal to the real power. With a purely resistive load, they are the same: the apparent power is equal to the real power.
Real and reactive powers can also be calculated directly from the apparent power, when the current and voltage are both sinusoids with a known phase angle θ between them: = = The ratio of real power to apparent power is called power factor and is a number always between −1 and 1.
Power factor – of an AC electric power system is defined as the ratio of the real power to the apparent power. Waste-to-energy.
The ratio of real power transmitted to the load to apparent power (the product of a circuit's voltage and current, without reference to phase angle) is the power factor. As reactive current increases, reactive power increases and power factor decreases.
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Power ratings are usually given in watts for real power and volt-amperes for apparent power, although for devices intended for use in large power systems, both may be given in a per-unit system. Cables are usually rated by giving their maximum voltage and their ampacity . [ 4 ]