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[130] 61% said their spouse has a religion other than Buddhism. [130] It also showed that one-third of Buddhists in America are of Asian descent, while the remaining three-fourths are converts to Buddhism. [131] The survey was conducted only in English and Spanish, and may under-estimate Buddhist immigrants who speak Asian languages.
The Silk Road transmission of Buddhism essentially ended around the 7th century with the invasion of Islam in Central Asia. By the 8th century, Buddhism began to be spread across Asia, largely by the influence of healers and wonder-workers. These groups of people practised a form of Buddhism that was to be called "Vajrayana".
Buddhism was present in this region from about the second century BCE. [86] Initially, the Dharmaguptaka school was the most successful in their efforts to spread Buddhism in Central Asia. [87] The Kingdom of Khotan was one of the earliest Buddhist kingdoms in the area and helped transmit Buddhism from India to China. [88]
For Japanese Zen Buddhism to transplant and grow roots in America, a significant diffusion took place. From its introduction in the late 19th century to present day, Zen went through many stages to establish itself in American culture. There are six pivotal factors that can be attributed to this spread and its impact on the future. [13]
Suzuki's classes were filled with those wanting to learn more about Buddhism, and the presence of a Zen master inspired the students. Shunryu Suzuki's Zen Mind, Beginner’s Mind (1970), quickly became one of America's Buddhist classics. [78] He founded the San Francisco Zen Center during the middle of the 60s counterculture (1962). [79]
During the 2nd century CE, Kanishka, one of the most powerful rulers of the Kushan Empire, embarked on a series of military campaigns to expand his empire's borders.By invading Central Asia, Kanishka sought to secure Kushan dominance over the Silk Road, bolster the empire's economy, and facilitate the spread of culture and religion, particularly Buddhism, into the region.
Theravada sources mention that another function of this council was to send Buddhist missionaries to various countries in order to spread Buddhism. These reached as far as the Hellenistic kingdoms in the West (in particular the neighboring Greco-Bactrian Kingdom , and possibly even farther according to the inscriptions left on stone pillars by ...
India Early Sangha Early Buddhist schools Mahāyāna Vajrayāna Sri Lanka & Southeast Asia Theravāda Tibetan Buddhism Nyingma Kadam Kagyu Dagpo Sakya Jonang East Asia Early Buddhist schools and Mahāyāna (via the silk road to China, and ocean contact from India to Vietnam) Tangmi Nara (Rokushū) Shingon Chan Thiền, Seon Zen Tiantai / Jìngtǔ Tendai Nichiren Jōdo-shū Central Asia & Tarim ...