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The crusts of most breads, such as this brioche, are golden-brown mostly as a result of the Maillard reaction.. The Maillard reaction (/ m aɪ ˈ j ɑːr / my-YAR; French:) is a chemical reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars to create melanoidins, the compounds that give browned food its distinctive flavor.
Cupcakes baked with baking soda as a raising agent. Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogencarbonate [9]), commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO 3. It is a salt composed of a sodium cation (Na +) and a bicarbonate anion (HCO 3 −).
Chewy yeast-raised flat bread is a snap to make in a bread machine. Serve naan with your favorite Indian dish to soak up the curry and sauces. —Shannon Ventresca, Middleboro, Massachusetts
A dough conditioner, flour treatment agent, improving agent or bread improver is any ingredient or chemical added to bread dough to strengthen its texture or otherwise improve it in some way. Dough conditioners may include enzymes , yeast nutrients, mineral salts, oxidants and reductants , bleaching agents and emulsifiers . [ 1 ]
A dash of baking soda increases the Maillard reaction (a.k.a. the chemical process that creates a golden exterior) in recipes like zucchini bread and sugar cookies.
Baking powder is made up of a base, an acid, and a buffering material to prevent the acid and base from reacting before their intended use. [5] [6] Most commercially available baking powders are made up of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3, also known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda) and one or more acid salts.
Because it is pure bicarbonate of soda, a teaspoon of baking soda is 3 to 4 times stronger than a teaspoon of baking powder. So, to substitute effectively, you will have to do some math.
Many bread doughs call for a second stage, where the dough is kneaded again, shaped into the final form, and left to rise a final time (or proofed) before baking. [14] Kneading is the process of working a dough to produce a smooth, elastic dough by developing gluten . [ 14 ]