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Ballistics is the field of mechanics concerned with the launching, flight behaviour and impact effects of projectiles, especially weapon munitions such as bullets, unguided bombs, rockets and the like; the science or art of designing and accelerating projectiles so as to achieve a desired performance.
When the gun is fired, the barrel expands, causing movement within the bearings. When the center of gravity of the total recoiling mass is ahead of the front bearing, at rest, the barrel sits on the bottom of the front bearing and pushes up against the top of the rear bearing. When fired, barrel expansion causes the barrel to push up against ...
Before the barrel can release the bullet in a consistent manner, it must grip the bullet in a consistent manner. The part of the barrel between where the bullet exits the cartridge, and engages the rifling, is called the "throat", and the length of the throat is the freebore. In some firearms, the freebore is zero as the act of chambering the ...
According to Newtonian mechanics, if the gun and shooter are at rest initially, the force on the bullet will be equal to that on the gun-shooter. This is due to Newton's third law of motion (For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction). Consider a system where the gun and shooter have a combined mass m g and the bullet has a mass m b.
Typically the majority of the blast impulse is vectored to a forward direction, creating a jet propulsion effect that exerts force back upon the barrel, resulting in an additional rearward momentum on top of the reactional momentum generated by the projectile before it exits the gun. The overall recoil applied to the firearm is thus equal and ...
Illustration of forces in muzzle rise. Projectile and propellant gases act on barrel along barrel centerline A. Forces are resisted by shooter contact with gun at grips and stock B. Height difference between barrel centerline and average point of contact is height C. Forces A and B operating over moment arm / height C create torque or moment D, which rotates the firearm's muzzle up as ...
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Illustration of the effect that different types of chokes have on the spread ("pattern") of shotgun projectiles. A choke is a tapered constriction of a firearm barrel at its muzzle end. Chokes are most commonly seen on shotguns, but are also used on some rifles, pistols, or even airguns. [1]