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If a square number is represented by n points, the points can be arranged in rows as a square each side of which has the same number of points as the square root of n; thus, square numbers are a type of figurate numbers (other examples being cube numbers and triangular numbers). In the real number system, square numbers are non-negative.
The Parker square is a trivial semimagic square since it uses some numbers more than once, and the diagonal 23 2 + 37 2 + 47 2 sums to 4107, not 3051 as for all the other rows and columns, and the other diagonal. The Parker square became popular in mathematical culture.
Row (1893) obtains another proof by summing the numbers in a square multiplication table in two different ways. The sum of the i th row is i times a triangular number, from which it follows that the sum of all the rows is the square of a triangular number.
A Latin square is said to be reduced (also, normalized or in standard form) if both its first row and its first column are in their natural order. [4] For example, the Latin square above is not reduced because its first column is A, C, B rather than A, B, C. Any Latin square can be reduced by permuting (that is, reordering) the rows and columns ...
square number is 1 (solve the Diophantine equation x 2 = y 3 + 4y, where y is even); generalized pentagonal number is 171535 (solve the Diophantine equation x 2 = y 3 + 144y + 144, where y is divisible by 12); tetrahedral number is 2925. Note that 0 and 1 are the only normal magic constants of rational order which are also rational squares.
An antimagic square of order n is an arrangement of the numbers 1 to n 2 in a square, such that the sums of the n rows, the n columns and the two diagonals form a sequence of 2n + 2 consecutive integers. The smallest antimagic squares have order 4. [1]
A square matrix of order 4. The entries form the main diagonal of a square matrix. For instance, the main diagonal of the 4×4 matrix above contains the elements a 11 = 9, a 22 = 11, a 33 = 4, a 44 = 10. In mathematics, a square matrix is a matrix with the same number of rows and columns.
with a maximum element of 49 and a pandiagonal magic constant of 150. This square is pandiagonal and semi-bimagic, that means that rows, columns, main diagonals and broken diagonals have a sum of 150 and, if we square all the numbers in the square, only the rows and the columns are magic and have a sum of 5150.