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The song is also known under the titles of "Mele ʻAi Pōhaku" ("Stone-Eating Song") or "Mele Aloha ʻĀina" ("Patriot's Song"). It is still popular in Hawaii today, although it is not clear how many non-Hawaiian speaking listeners are aware of the song's historical significance or the profound antipathy to U.S. annexation in its lyrics.
"He Mele Lāhui Hawaiʻi" ("Song of the Hawaiian Nation") was composed by Liliʻuokalani in November 1866 at the request of Kamehameha V, who wanted a national anthem to replace the British anthem "God Save the King". It replaced Lunalilo's composition "E Ola Ke Aliʻi Ke Akua" as the national anthem. Liliʻuokalani wrote: "The king was present ...
The annexation of Hawaii as a U.S. territory was finalized by August 12, 1898, and marked the end of the island nation's independence. Hawaii would not become an official U.S. state until 1959.
Until annexation in 1898, Hawaii was an independent sovereign state, recognized by the United States, United Kingdom, France, and Germany with exchange of ambassadors. However, there were several challenges to the reigning governments of the Kingdom and Republic of Hawaii during the 8 + 1 ⁄ 2-year (1887–1895) period.
The Provisional Government was dealt a huge blow when United States President Benjamin Harrison, who was supportive of the annexation of Hawaii, was voted out of the White House. Grover Cleveland, an anti-imperialist, assumed the presidency and right away worked to stop the treaty of annexation. Just a month before Cleveland became president ...
The anniversary of the Anglo-Franco Proclamation on November 28 was subsequently made a public holiday during the Hawaiian monarchy. [4] [9] [10] In 1898, the legislature of the Republic of Hawaii made November 28 Thanksgiving Day. [11] After the annexation of Hawaii to the United States, the holiday lost official recognition. [12]
An anti-annexation meeting at Hilo, 1897 Newspaper reporting the annexation of the Republic of Hawaii in 1898. Upon the inauguration of William McKinley as the 25th President of the United States on March 4, 1897, the Republic of Hawaii resumed negotiations for annexation, which continued into the summer of 1898. In April 1898, the United ...
The conspirators' stated goals were to depose the queen, overthrow the monarchy, and seek Hawaii's annexation to the United States. [ 4 ] : 353, 587–88 On January 16, the Marshal of the Kingdom Charles B. Wilson was tipped off to the imminent planned coup.