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In object-oriented programming, the iterator pattern is a design pattern in which an iterator is used to traverse a container and access the container's elements. The iterator pattern decouples algorithms from containers; in some cases, algorithms are necessarily container-specific and thus cannot be decoupled.
array implements a compile-time non-resizable array. vector implements an array with fast random access and an ability to automatically resize when appending elements. deque implements a double-ended queue with comparatively fast random access. list implements a doubly linked list. forward_list implements a singly linked list.
The C++/CLI language proposes a construct similar to C#. Assuming that myArray is an array of integers: ... iterate over any object that implements the ...
Iterating over a container is done using this form of loop: for e in c while w do # loop body od; The in c clause specifies the container, which may be a list, set, sum, product, unevaluated function, array, or object implementing an iterator. A for-loop may be terminated by od, end, or end do.
Iterators however can be used and defined explicitly. For any iterable sequence type or class, the built-in function iter() is used to create an iterator object. The iterator object can then be iterated with the next() function, which uses the __next__() method internally, which returns the next element in the container. (The previous statement ...
For "one-dimensional" (single-indexed) arrays – vectors, sequence, strings etc. – the most common slicing operation is extraction of zero or more consecutive elements. Thus, if we have a vector containing elements (2, 5, 7, 3, 8, 6, 4, 1), and we want to create an array slice from the 3rd to the 6th items, we get (7, 3, 8, 6).
Programming languages or their standard libraries that support multi-dimensional arrays typically have a native row-major or column-major storage order for these arrays. Row-major order is used in C / C++ / Objective-C (for C-style arrays), PL/I , [ 4 ] Pascal , [ 5 ] Speakeasy , [ citation needed ] and SAS .
Today mapping functions are supported (or may be defined) in many procedural, object-oriented, and multi-paradigm languages as well: In C++'s Standard Library, it is called std::transform, in C# (3.0)'s LINQ library, it is provided as an extension method called Select.