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The biconditional is true in two cases, where either both statements are true or both are false. The connective is biconditional (a statement of material equivalence), [2] and can be likened to the standard material conditional ("only if", equal to "if ... then") combined with its reverse ("if"); hence the name. The result is that the truth of ...
Since the empty string does not have a standard visual representation outside of formal language theory, the number zero is traditionally represented by a single decimal digit 0 instead. Zero-filled memory area, interpreted as a null-terminated string, is an empty string. Empty lines of text show the empty string.
In probability theory, an event is a subset of outcomes of an experiment (a subset of the sample space) to which a probability is assigned. [1] A single outcome may be an element of many different events, [2] and different events in an experiment are usually not equally likely, since they may include very different groups of outcomes. [3]
Monadic second-order logic comes in two variants. In the variant considered over structures such as graphs and in Courcelle's theorem, the formula may involve non-monadic predicates (in this case the binary edge predicate E ( x , y ) {\displaystyle E(x,y)} ), but quantification is restricted to be over monadic predicates only.
[2] Bivariate analysis can be contrasted with univariate analysis in which only one variable is analysed. [1] Like univariate analysis, bivariate analysis can be descriptive or inferential. It is the analysis of the relationship between the two variables. [1]
CSV is a delimited text file that uses a comma to separate values (many implementations of CSV import/export tools allow other separators to be used; for example, the use of a "Sep=^" row as the first row in the *.csv file will cause Excel to open the file expecting caret "^" to be the separator instead of comma ","). Simple CSV implementations ...
If t 1 and t 2 are terms then t 1 =t 2 is an atomic formula; If R is an n-ary predicate symbol, and t 1,...,t n are terms, then R(t 1,...,t n) is an atomic formula; Finally, the set of formulas is defined to be the smallest set containing the set of atomic formulas such that the following holds:
A whitespace character is a character data element that represents white space when text is rendered for display by a computer. For example, a space character (U+0020 SPACE, ASCII 32) represents blank space such as a word divider in a Western script. A printable character results in output when rendered, but a whitespace character does not ...