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[3] [4] Approximately 300,000 individuals in the United States have their appendix removed each year. [5] Extirpation of the colon, or colectomy, is used in the treatment of patient's ulcerative colitis whose condition is resistant to other therapies. In many cases, the removal of the colon may entirely cure the disease.
For over a century, laparotomy (open appendectomy) was the standard treatment for acute appendicitis. [90] This procedure consists of the removal of the infected appendix through a single large incision in the lower right area of the abdomen. [91] The incision in a laparotomy is usually 2 to 3 inches (51 to 76 mm) long.
Harry Hancock performed the first abdominal surgery for appendicitis in 1848, but he did not remove the appendix. [26] In 1889 in New York City, Charles McBurney described the presentation and pathogenesis of appendicitis accurately and developed the teaching that an early appendectomy was the best treatment to avoid perforation and peritonitis.
Human infectious diseases may be characterized by their case fatality rate (CFR), the proportion of people diagnosed with a disease who die from it (cf. mortality rate).It should not be confused with the infection fatality rate (IFR), the estimated proportion of people infected by a disease-causing agent, including asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections, who die from the disease.
Perioperative mortality has been defined as any death, regardless of cause, occurring within 30 days after surgery in or out of the hospital. [1] Globally, 4.2 million people are estimated to die within 30 days of surgery each year. [2]
Prior to surgery, the bowels are typically cleared with a routine called bowel prep. [20] Bowel prep can be performed at home the 1–2 days before surgery or in some instances, occurs in a hospital before the operation. [20] Bowel prep may require magnesium citrate drink to empty the colon. [21] Bowel prep is done to reduce infection risk. [22]
Prophylactic appendectomy is the removal of the appendix in order to remove the chances of developing appendicitis as the leading cause of acute intra-abdominal disease in more than 50% of all cases. [23] Prophylactic Appendectomy is one of the most common preventive surgeries and is the most common emergency surgery performed in the USA. [24]
Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Use of Laparoscopy for Surgical Problems during Pregnancy (April 2011) Guidelines for Surgical Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) (February 2010) Guidelines for the Clinical Application of Laparoscopic Biliary Tract Surgery (January 2010) Guidelines for Laparoscopic Appendectomy (April 2009)