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A Torah scroll (Hebrew: סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה, Sefer Torah, lit. "Book of Torah"; plural: סִפְרֵי תוֹרָה Sifrei Torah ) is a handwritten copy of the Torah , meaning the five books of Moses (the first books of the Hebrew Bible ).
The Yemenite scroll of the Torah is traditionally written on 51 lines to each column, for a total of 226 columns (רכ"ו דפים), [13] a tradition that differs from Ashkenazi and Sephardic scrolls which are historically written in anywhere from 42 to 98 lines (42 lines since the mid-20th century).
The Bologna Torah Scroll (also known as the University of Bologna Torah Scroll, circa 1155–1225 CE) is the world's oldest complete extant Torah scroll. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The scroll contains the full text of the five Books of Moses in Hebrew and is kosher.
Another structural depiction, common in Jewish art of late antiquity is the Ark of the Scrolls, a chest which stood in the Torah shrine of the synagogue, and in which Torah scrolls and scriptures were stored. [45]
Silver Torah case, Ottoman Empire, displayed in the Museum of Jewish Art and History. Torah scrolls are often dressed with a sash, a special Torah cover, various ornaments, and a keter (crown), although such customs vary among synagogues. Congregants traditionally stand in respect when the Torah is brought out of the ark to be read, while it is ...
Photograph of an aedicula (Torah Shrine) in the west wall of the synagogue at Dura-Europos (Salahiyeh) in Syria. [4] Originally, the scrolls were placed in moveable containers that were risen up. The more permanent placement of the ark was designed as the tribes settled and built temples.
The history of scrolls dates back to ancient Egypt. In most ancient literate cultures scrolls were the earliest format for longer documents written in ink or paint on a flexible background, preceding bound books ; [ 2 ] rigid media such as clay tablets were also used but had many disadvantages in comparison.
However, it is well known that the Jews usually refer to the Torah as The Five Books of Torah. Most notably, Deuteronomy, the fifth book, is distinct in many ways, and is referred to as 'Mishneh Torah' - a review of the Torah. There's also an ancient guideline requiring religious scribes to leave four blank lines between each of the books.