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The Wigner–Seitz radius, named after Eugene Wigner and Frederick Seitz, is the radius of a sphere whose volume is equal to the mean volume per atom in a solid (for first group metals). [1] In the more general case of metals having more valence electrons, r s {\\displaystyle r_{\\rm {s}}} is the radius of a sphere whose volume is equal to the ...
The van der Waals radius, r w, of an atom is the radius of an imaginary hard sphere representing the distance of closest approach for another atom. It is named after Johannes Diderik van der Waals, winner of the 1910 Nobel Prize in Physics, as he was the first to recognise that atoms were not simply points and to demonstrate the physical consequences of their size through the van der Waals ...
In applied sciences, the equivalent radius (or mean radius) is the radius of a circle or sphere with the same perimeter, area, or volume of a non-circular or non-spherical object. The equivalent diameter (or mean diameter ) ( D {\displaystyle D} ) is twice the equivalent radius.
The volume can be computed without use of the Gamma function. As is proved below using a vector-calculus double integral in polar coordinates, the volume V of an n-ball of radius R can be expressed recursively in terms of the volume of an (n − 2)-ball, via the interleaved recurrence relation:
Perimeter#Formulas – Path that surrounds an area; List of second moments of area; List of surface-area-to-volume ratios – Surface area per unit volume; List of surface area formulas – Measure of a two-dimensional surface; List of trigonometric identities; List of volume formulas – Quantity of three-dimensional space
A sphere of radius r has surface area 4πr 2.. The surface area (symbol A) of a solid object is a measure of the total area that the surface of the object occupies. [1] The mathematical definition of surface area in the presence of curved surfaces is considerably more involved than the definition of arc length of one-dimensional curves, or of the surface area for polyhedra (i.e., objects with ...
where A is the area of a squircle with minor radius r, is the gamma function. A = ( k + 1 ) ( k + 2 ) π r 2 {\displaystyle A=(k+1)(k+2)\pi r^{2}} where A is the area of an epicycloid with the smaller circle of radius r and the larger circle of radius kr ( k ∈ N {\displaystyle k\in \mathbb {N} } ), assuming the initial point lies on the ...
The ratio of the volume of a sphere to the volume of its circumscribed cylinder is 2:3, as was determined by Archimedes. The principal formulae derived in On the Sphere and Cylinder are those mentioned above: the surface area of the sphere, the volume of the contained ball, and surface area and volume of the cylinder.