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The BBP formula gives rise to a spigot algorithm for computing the nth base-16 (hexadecimal) digit of π (and therefore also the 4nth binary digit of π) without computing the preceding digits. This does not compute the nth decimal digit of π (i.e., in base 10). [3]
Bellard's formula is used to calculate the nth digit of π in base 16. Bellard's formula was discovered by Fabrice Bellard in 1997. It is about 43% faster than the Bailey–Borwein–Plouffe formula (discovered in 1995). [1] [2] It has been used in PiHex, the now-completed distributed computing project.
) + / A detailed proof of this formula can be found here: [14] This identity is similar to some of Ramanujan 's formulas involving π , [ 13 ] and is an example of a Ramanujan–Sato series . The time complexity of the algorithm is O ( n ( log n ) 3 ) {\displaystyle O\left(n(\log n)^{3}\right)} .
More formulas of this nature can be given, as explained by Ramanujan's theory of elliptic functions to alternative bases. Perhaps the most notable hypergeometric inversions are the following two examples, involving the Ramanujan tau function τ {\displaystyle \tau } and the Fourier coefficients j {\displaystyle \mathrm {j} } of the J-invariant ...
Simon Plouffe (born June 11, 1956) is a French Canadian mathematician who discovered the Bailey–Borwein–Plouffe formula (BBP algorithm) which permits the computation of the nth binary digit of π, in 1995. [1] [2] [3] His other 2022 formula allows extracting the nth digit of π in decimal. [4] He was born in Saint-Jovite, Quebec.
The arithmetic–geometric mean of two numbers, a 0 and b 0, is found by calculating the limit of the sequences + = +, + =, which both converge to the same limit. If = and = then the limit is () where () is the complete elliptic integral of the first kind
In mathematics, Machin-like formulas are a popular technique for computing π (the ratio of the circumference to the diameter of a circle) to a large number of digits. They are generalizations of John Machin 's formula from 1706:
The number π (/ p aɪ /; spelled out as "pi") is a mathematical constant, approximately equal to 3.14159, that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.It appears in many formulae across mathematics and physics, and some of these formulae are commonly used for defining π, to avoid relying on the definition of the length of a curve.