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Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), also known as obliterative bronchiolitis, constrictive bronchiolitis and popcorn lung, is a disease that results in obstruction of the smallest airways of the lungs (bronchioles) due to inflammation. [1] [6] Symptoms include a dry cough, shortness of breath, wheezing and feeling tired. [1]
Popcorn Lung is a debilitating and irreversible respiratory disease which causes "scarring in tiny air sacs in the lungs that lead to ... "Diacetyl and other related flavoring chemicals ...
Diacetyl occurs naturally in alcoholic beverages and some cheeses and is added as a flavoring to some foods to impart its buttery flavor. Chronic inhalation exposure to diacetyl fumes is a causative agent of the lung disease bronchiolitis obliterans, commonly known as "popcorn lung".
Diacetyl is reported at lower levels in e-cigarettes than in traditional cigarettes. [228] 2, 3-pentanedione is an α-diketone that is chemically and structurally similar to diacetyl. A 2016 report stated that it had become a popular replacement for diacetyl, although it had been shown to cause airway epithelial damage similar to diacetyl. [146]
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Vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI), [4] also known as vaping-associated lung injury (VALI) [1] or e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (E/VALI), [2] [a] is an umbrella term, [15] [16] used to describe lung diseases associated with the use of vaping products that can be severe and life-threatening. [3]
Bronchiolitis obliterans, or “popcorn lung,” is a condition where the smallest pathways in the lungs become inflamed, resulting in frequent coughing and shortness of breath.
Glycerin was long thought to be a safe additive in e-cig liquid. However, the carcinogen formaldehyde is known as a product of propylene glycol and glycerol vapor degradation, [16] and these ingredients may also cause lung inflammation. [17] Lipid pneumonia is known to cause lung inflammation, with exogenous and endogenous factors that cause ...
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