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A general representation of the hybridoma method used to produce monoclonal antibodies. Hybridoma technology is a method for producing large numbers of identical antibodies, also called monoclonal antibodies. This process starts by injecting a mouse (or other mammal) with an antigen that provokes an immune response.
A monoclonal antibody (mAb, more rarely called moAb) is an antibody produced from a cell lineage made by cloning a unique white blood cell. All subsequent antibodies derived this way trace back to a unique parent cell.
In immunology, epitope mapping is the process of experimentally identifying the binding site, or epitope, of an antibody on its target antigen (usually, on a protein). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Identification and characterization of antibody binding sites aid in the discovery and development of new therapeutics , vaccines , and diagnostics .
Micrograph of a GFAP immunostained section of a brain tumour.. In biochemistry, immunostaining is any use of an antibody-based method to detect a specific protein in a sample. . The term "immunostaining" was originally used to refer to the immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections, as first described by Albert Coons in 1941.
Product polishing describes the final processing steps which end with packaging of the product in a form that is stable, easily transportable and convenient. Crystallization, desiccation, lyophilization and spray drying are typical unit operations. Depending on the product and its intended use, polishing may also include operations to sterilize ...
Schematic diagram of a typical antibody showing two Ig heavy chains (blue) linked by disulfide bonds to two Ig light chains (green). The constant (C) and variable (V) domains are shown. An antibody molecule. The two heavy chains are colored red, blue, and purple. The two light chains green and yellow. See also:
A bispecific monoclonal antibody (BsMAb, BsAb) is an artificial protein that can simultaneously bind to two different types of antigen or two different epitopes on the same antigen. [1] Naturally occurring antibodies typically only target one antigen. BsAbs can be manufactured in several structural formats.
Immunohistochemistry can be performed on tissue that has been fixed and embedded in paraffin, but also cryopreservated (frozen) tissue.Based on the way the tissue is preserved, there are different steps to prepare the tissue for immunohistochemistry, but the general method includes proper fixation, antigen retrieval incubation with primary antibody, then incubation with secondary antibody.