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In mathematics, the floor function is the function that takes as input a real number x, and gives as output the greatest integer less than or equal to x, denoted ⌊x⌋ or floor(x). Similarly, the ceiling function maps x to the least integer greater than or equal to x, denoted ⌈x⌉ or ceil(x). [1]
Graph of the Kempner function In number theory , the Kempner function S ( n ) {\displaystyle S(n)} [ 1 ] is defined for a given positive integer n {\displaystyle n} to be the smallest number s {\displaystyle s} such that n {\displaystyle n} divides the factorial s ! {\displaystyle s!} .
In mathematics, an integer-valued function is a function whose values are integers.In other words, it is a function that assigns an integer to each member of its domain.. The floor and ceiling functions are examples of integer-valued functions of a real variable, but on real numbers and, generally, on (non-disconnected) topological spaces integer-valued functions are not especially useful.
Carmichael λ function: λ(n) for 1 ≤ n ≤ 1000 (compared to Euler φ function) In number theory, a branch of mathematics, the Carmichael function λ(n) of a positive integer n is the smallest positive integer m such that holds for every integer a coprime to n.
Specifically, he considered functions of the form = + (), where a 0, b 0, ..., a P − 1, b P − 1 are rational numbers which are so chosen that g(n) is always an integer. The standard Collatz function is given by P = 2, a 0 = 1 / 2 , b 0 = 0, a 1 = 3, b 1 = 1. Conway proved that the problem
with ⌈ ⌉ as the smallest integer not less than x, also called the ceiling of x. By consequence, we may get, for example, three different values for the fractional part of just one x : let it be −1.3, its fractional part will be 0.7 according to the first definition, 0.3 according to the second definition, and −0.3 according to the third ...
Algebraic functions are functions that can be expressed as the solution of a polynomial equation with integer coefficients. Polynomials: Can be generated solely by addition, multiplication, and raising to the power of a positive integer. Constant function: polynomial of degree zero, graph is a horizontal straight line
For the example graph, P(G, t) = t(t − 1) 2 (t − 2), and indeed P(G, 4) = 72. The chromatic polynomial includes more information about the colorability of G than does the chromatic number. Indeed, χ is the smallest positive integer that is not a zero of the chromatic polynomial χ(G) = min{k : P(G, k) > 0}.