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Ironic process theory (IPT), also known as the Pink elephant paradox [1] or White bear phenomenon, suggests that when an individual intentionally tries to avoid thinking a certain thought or feeling a certain emotion, a paradoxical effect is produced: the attempted avoidance not only fails in its object but in fact causes the thought or emotion to occur more frequently and more intensely. [2]
A good example of this is a study showed that when making food choices for the coming week, 74% of participants chose fruit, whereas when the food choice was for the current day, 70% chose chocolate. Insensitivity to sample size, the tendency to under-expect variation in small samples.
In psychiatry, derailment (aka loosening of association, asyndesis, asyndetic thinking, knight's move thinking, entgleisen, disorganised thinking [1]) categorises any speech comprising sequences of unrelated or barely related ideas; the topic often changes from one sentence to another.
In sociology and psychology, mass hysteria is a phenomenon that transmits collective illusions of threats, whether real or imaginary, through a population and society as a result of rumors and fear. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In medicine, the term is used to describe the spontaneous manifestation—or production of chemicals in the body—of the same or ...
For example, a golfer thinking too closely about their swing or someone thinking too much about how they knot their tie may find their performance of the task impaired. The effect is also known as hyperreflection or Humphrey's law [ 1 ] after English psychologist George Humphrey (1889–1966), who propounded it in 1923.
The book is a guide to critical thinking about psychology. [2] It has 11 chapters categorizing 50 subtopics of psychology. [ 3 ] This book discusses a number of most widespread and believed myths of popular psychology — a type of psychology that is not based on scientifically proven facts, but are well known by the general public — and ...