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One DFE is defined as 1 μg of dietary folate. 1 μg of folic acid supplement counts as 1.7 μg DFE. The reason for the difference is that when folic acid is added to food or taken as a dietary supplement with food it is at least 85% absorbed, whereas only about 50% of folate naturally present in food is absorbed. [1]
Treatment may include dietary changes and folic acid supplements. [1] Dietary changes including eating foods high in folate such as, fruits and green leafy vegetables can help. [1] Prevention is recommended for pregnant women or those who are planning a pregnancy. [1] Folate deficiency is very rare in countries with folic acid fortification ...
Folate (as a fortification ingredient, folic acid) functions in reducing blood homocysteine levels, forming red blood cells, proper growth and division of cells and preventing neural tube defects (NTDs). [30] In many industrialized countries, the addition of folic acid to flour has prevented a significant number of NTDs in infants.
Deficiencies in folic acid may cause neural tube defects (NTDs). Women who had 0.4 mg of folic acid in their systems due to supplementing 3 months before childbirth significantly reduced the risk of NTDs. [29] More than 80 countries use fortification of certain foods with folic acid as a measure to decrease the rate of NTDs. [30]
Government-mandated fortification of foods with folic acid has reduced the incidence of NTDs by 25% to 50% in more than 60 countries using such fortification. [10] Deficiency can also result from rare genetic factors, such as mutations in the MTHFR gene that lead to compromised folate metabolism.
[4] [5] The Australian National Health and Medical Research Council similarly recognizes a well-planned vegan diet as viable for any age, [6] [7] as does the Victoria Department of Health, [8] British Dietetic Association, [9] British National Health Service, [10] British Nutrition Foundation, [11] Mayo Clinic, [12] Finnish Food Safety ...
For this reason, it is common in many countries (including the United States) that the B vitamins thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid are added back to white flour after processing. This is referred to as "enriched flour" on food labels. B vitamins are particularly concentrated in meat such as turkey, tuna and liver. [3]
An insufficient intake of iron, Vitamin B12, and folic acid impairs the bone marrow function. The lack of iron within a person's body can also stem from ulcer bacteria. These microbes live in the digestive tract and after many years cause ulcers in the lining of the stomach or small intestine.