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The citric acid cycle—also known as the Krebs cycle, Szent–Györgyi–Krebs cycle, or TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) [1] [2] —is a series of biochemical reactions to release the energy stored in nutrients through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and alcohol.
The citric acid cycle is a series of enzymatic reactions carried out inside the inner membranes of the cell's mitochondria. The process begins when the two-carbon acetyl CoA enters the cycle and joins the four-carbon oxaloacetate to produce the six-carbon citrate.
The citric acid cycle is also called the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle. When oxygen is present, acetyl-CoA is produced from the pyruvate molecules created from glycolysis. Once acetyl-CoA is formed, aerobic or anaerobic respiration can occur. When oxygen is present, the mitochondria will undergo aerobic respiration which leads to ...
The reverse Krebs cycle, also known as the reverse TCA cycle (rTCA) or reductive citric acid cycle, is an alternative to the standard Calvin-Benson cycle for carbon fixation. It has been found in strict anaerobic or microaerobic bacteria (as Aquificales ) and anaerobic archea .
English: Tricarboxylic acid cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle) and some preceding steps Español : Ciclo del ácido cítrico (Ciclo de Krebs). Esperanto : Ciklo de Krebs (ankaux konata kiel citr-acida ciklo).
Acetyl-CoA then enters the citric acid cycle, where the acetyl group is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, and the energy released is captured in the form of 11 ATP and one GTP per acetyl group. Konrad Bloch and Feodor Lynen were awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries linking acetyl-CoA and fatty acid ...
Amphibolic properties of the citric acid cycle. An amphibolic pathway is one that can be either catabolic or anabolic based on the availability of or the need for energy. [10]: 570 The currency of energy in a biological cell is adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which stores its energy in the phosphoanhydride bonds. The energy is utilized to conduct ...
A tricarboxylic acid is an organic carboxylic acid whose chemical structure contains three carboxyl functional groups (−COOH). The best-known example of a tricarboxylic acid is citric acid . Uses