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The Battle of Java (Invasion of Java, Operation J) was a battle of the Pacific theatre of World War II. It occurred on the island of Java from 28 February – 12 March 1942. It involved forces from the Empire of Japan , which invaded on 28 February 1942, and Allied personnel.
The Battle of the Java Sea (Indonesian: Pertempuran Laut Jawa, Japanese: スラバヤ沖海戦, romanized: Surabaya oki kaisen, lit. ' Surabaya open-sea battle ') was a decisive [ 2 ] naval battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II .
The Second Battle of the Java Sea was fought, resulting in Japanese victory. The cruiser HMS Exeter and the destroyers HMS Encounter and USS Pope were sunk. The Battle of Sunda Strait ended in Japanese victory. The Allies lost 1 heavy cruiser, 1 light cruiser and 1 destroyer while the Japanese lost 1 minelayer and 4 troopships sunk or grounded.
Java became the last major colonial possession in the East not under British control, and its fall marked the effective end of the war in these waters. [20] [24] Stamford Raffles was appointed Lieutenant Governor of Java. [25] [26] He ended Dutch administrative methods, liberalized the system of land tenure, and extended trade.
The East Indies was one of Japan's primary targets if and when it went to war because the colony possessed abundant valuable resources, the most important of which were its rubber plantations and oil fields; [13] [14] the colony was the fourth-largest exporter of oil in the world, behind the U.S., Iran, and Romania.
Main Article: Battle of the Java Sea. She was back in action in time for the Battle of the Java Sea on 27 February 1942, where she played a small role, firing on the Japanese fleet but to no use. However, Kortenaer was then cemented in history as she was on the receiving end of the longest-ranged torpedo hit in history.
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The land battle for the pass began around noon of 5 March, when Japanese vanguard light tanks encountered Dutch fortifications in form of pillboxes and a 5-cm gun. Dutch defenders were supported by just a single battery of four guns, which did not have a significant effect on the fighting. [ 21 ]