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Epilobium hirsutum seed head dispersing seeds. In spermatophyte plants, seed dispersal is the movement, spread or transport of seeds away from the parent plant. [1] Plants have limited mobility and rely upon a variety of dispersal vectors to transport their seeds, including both abiotic vectors, such as the wind, and living vectors such as birds.
In botany, a diaspore is a plant dispersal unit consisting of a seed or spore plus any additional tissues that assist dispersal. In some flowering plants, the diaspore is a seed and fruit together, or a seed and elaiosome. In a few plants, the diaspore is most or all of the plant, and is known as a tumbleweed.
The seeds are fleshy, short-lived, and germinate rapidly where they land. Being poisonous and distasteful, they are not attractive to candidate transport animals, so the rolling diaspore is a very effective dispersal strategy for such plants. Genera with this means of seed dispersal include Ammocharis, Boophone, Crossyne and Brunsvigia. [17]
Epilobium hirsutum — Seed head. In the broadest sense, dispersal occurs when the fitness benefits of moving outweigh the costs. There are a number of benefits to dispersal such as locating new resources, escaping unfavorable conditions, avoiding competing with siblings, and avoiding breeding with closely related individuals which could lead to inbreeding depression.
A floral diagram is a graphic representation of the structure of a flower. It shows the number of floral organs, their arrangement and fusion. Different parts of the ...
Some seeds (e.g., pine) have a wing that aids in wind dispersal. The dustlike seeds of orchids are carried efficiently by the wind. Some seeds (e.g. milkweed, poplar) have hairs that aid in wind dispersal. [28] Other seeds are enclosed in fruit structures that aid wind dispersal in similar ways: Dandelion achenes have hairs. Maple samaras have ...
There is a shared method of seed dispersal within fleshy fruits. These fruits depend on animals to eat the fruits and disperse the seeds in order for their populations to survive. [3] Dry fruits also develop from the ovary, but unlike the fleshy fruits they do not depend on the mesocarp but the endocarp for seed dispersal. [3]
The ovary wall develops to form the fruit or pericarp, whose form is closely associated with type of seed dispersal system. [68] Other parts of the flower often contribute to forming the fruit. For example, in the apple, the hypanthium forms the edible flesh, surrounding the ovaries which form the tough cases around the seeds. [69]