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The rate of an S N 2 reaction is second order, as the rate-determining step depends on the nucleophile concentration, [Nu −] as well as the concentration of substrate, [RX]. [1] r = k[RX][Nu −] This is a key difference between the S N 1 and S N 2 mechanisms.
For magnesium, [Mg(H 2 O) 6] 2+ is also a well-characterized species, with an octahedral MgO 6 core. [29] The situation for calcium is more complicated. Neutron diffraction data gave a solvation number for calcium chloride, CaCl 2 , which is strongly dependent on concentration: 10.0 ± 0.6 at 1 mol·dm −3 , decreasing to 6.4 ± 0.3 at 2.8 mol ...
An example of a substitution reaction taking place by a so-called borderline mechanism as originally studied by Hughes and Ingold [6] is the reaction of 1-phenylethyl chloride with sodium methoxide in methanol. The reaction rate is found to the sum of S N 1 and S N 2 components with 61% (3,5 M, 70 °C) taking place by the latter.
In chemistry, a reaction mechanism is the step by step sequence of elementary reactions by which overall chemical reaction occurs. [1]A chemical mechanism is a theoretical conjecture that tries to describe in detail what takes place at each stage of an overall chemical reaction.
For S N 1 reactions the solvent's ability to stabilize the intermediate carbocation is of direct importance to its viability as a suitable solvent. The ability of polar solvents to increase the rate of S N 1 reactions is a result of the polar solvent's solvating the reactant intermediate species, i.e., the carbocation, thereby decreasing the ...
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The planes are fitted with tanks that skim large bodies of water to "scoop" water up and then drop it on fires from above. A Canadair CL-415 Super Scooper firefighting plane dropping water on a ...
Since only 0.5 mol of H 2 SO 4 are needed to neutralize 1 mol of OH −, the equivalence factor is: f eq (H 2 SO 4) = 0.5. If the concentration of a sulfuric acid solution is c(H 2 SO 4) = 1 mol/L, then its normality is 2 N. It can also be called a "2 normal" solution.