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[8] proposed a general image segmentation framework, called the "Power Watershed", that minimized a real-valued indicator function from [0,1] over a graph, constrained by user seeds (or unary terms) set to 0 or 1, in which the minimization of the indicator function over the graph is optimized with respect to an exponent .
The Softmax function is a smooth approximation to the arg max function: the function whose value is the index of a vector's largest element. The name "softmax" may be misleading. Softmax is not a smooth maximum (that is, a smooth approximation to the maximum function).
For image segmentation, the matrix W is typically sparse, with a number of nonzero entries (), so such a matrix-vector product takes () time. For high-resolution images, the second eigenvalue is often ill-conditioned , leading to slow convergence of iterative eigenvalue solvers, such as the Lanczos algorithm .
In terms of image segmentation, the function that MRFs seek to maximize is the probability of identifying a labelling scheme given a particular set of features are detected in the image. This is a restatement of the maximum a posteriori estimation method. MRF neighborhood for a chosen pixel
GrabCut is an image segmentation method based on graph cuts.. Starting with a user-specified bounding box around the object to be segmented, the algorithm estimates the color distribution of the target object and that of the background using a Gaussian mixture model.
Mean shift is a procedure for locating the maxima—the modes—of a density function given discrete data sampled from that function. [1] This is an iterative method, and we start with an initial estimate . Let a kernel function be given. This function determines the weight of nearby points for re-estimation of the mean.
The golden-section search is a technique for finding an extremum (minimum or maximum) of a function inside a specified interval. For a strictly unimodal function with an extremum inside the interval, it will find that extremum, while for an interval containing multiple extrema (possibly including the interval boundaries), it will converge to one of them.
Model compression (e.g. quantization and pruning of model parameters) can be applied to a deep neural network after it has been trained. [19] In the SqueezeNet paper, the authors demonstrated that a model compression technique called Deep Compression can be applied to SqueezeNet to further reduce the size of the parameter file from 5 MB to 500 ...