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The evolution of bacteria has progressed over billions of years since the Precambrian time with their first major divergence from the archaeal/eukaryotic lineage roughly 3.2-3.5 billion years ago. [1] [2] This was discovered through gene sequencing of bacterial nucleoids to reconstruct their phylogeny.
Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek [note 2] FRS (/ ˈ ɑː n t ə n i v ɑː n ˈ l eɪ v ən h uː k,-h ʊ k / AHN-tə-nee vahn LAY-vən-hook, -huuk; Dutch: [ˈɑntoːni vɑn ˈleːu.ə(n)ˌɦuk] ⓘ; 24 October 1632 – 26 August 1723) was a Dutch microbiologist and microscopist in the Golden Age of Dutch science and technology.
The word bacteria is the plural of the Neo-Latin bacterium, which is the romanisation of the Ancient Greek βακτήριον (baktḗrion), [6] the diminutive of βακτηρία (baktēría), meaning "staff, cane", [7] because the first ones to be discovered were rod-shaped.
1802 – The first recorded use of the word biology. 1824 – Henri Dutrochet discovers that tissues are composed of living cells. 1838 – Protein discovered, named and recorded by Gerardus Johannes Mulder and Jöns Jacob Berzelius. 1862 – Louis Pasteur discovers the bacterial origin of fermentation.
Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch (/ k ɒ x / KOKH; [1] [2] German: [ˈʁoːbɛʁt ˈkɔx] ⓘ; 11 December 1843 – 27 May 1910) was a German physician and microbiologist.As the discoverer of the specific causative agents of deadly infectious diseases including tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax, he is regarded as one of the main founders of modern bacteriology.
The science behind COVID-19 PCR tests can be traced back to two microbiologists' discovery in the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park.
Winogradsky was the first to develop the concept of chemolithotrophy and to thereby reveal the essential role played by microorganisms in geochemical processes. [25] He was responsible for the first isolation and description of both nitrifying and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. [23]
Scientists have discovered a bacterium that's about 5,000 times larger than any other giant bacteria -- large enough to see without a microscope.