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A morning star (middle) shown among other club designs Morning star (left), next to a ball-and-chain flail (right).. A morning star (German: Morgenstern) is any of several medieval club-like weapons consisting of a shaft with an attached ball adorned with one or more spikes, each used, to varying degrees, with a combination of blunt-force and puncture attack to kill or wound the enemy.
An example held in the Pitt Rivers Museum has a wooden ball-shaped head studded with iron spikes. Another in the Royal Armouries collection has two spiked iron balls attached by separate chains. The knout , a whip or scourge formerly used in Russia for the punishment of criminals, was the descendant of the flail.
The mace is often confused with the spiked morning star or with the articulated flail. Mere – short, broad-bladed Māori club, usually made from nephrite jade and used for making forward-striking thrusts; Morning star – a medieval club-like weapon consisting of a shaft with an attached ball adorned with one or more spikes
The modern name "caltrop" is derived from the Old English calcatrippe (heel-trap), [6] [7] such as in the French usage chausse-trape (shoe-trap). The Latin word tribulus originally referred to this and provides part of the modern scientific name of a plant commonly called the caltrop, Tribulus terrestris, whose spiked seed cases resemble caltrops and can injure feet and puncture bicycle tires.
Swords can have single or double bladed edges or even edgeless. The blade can be curved or straight. Arming sword; Dagger; Estoc; Falchion; Katana; Knife; Longsword; Messer; Rapier; Sabre or saber (Most sabers belong to the renaissance period, but some sabers can be found in the late medieval period)
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A chain weapon is a weapon made of one or more heavy objects attached to a chain, sometimes with a handle. The flail was one of the more common types of chain weapons associated with medieval Europe , although some flails used hinges instead of chains.
The green ball-shaped fruits appear in early summer and remain on the tree until fall. The burs split open when ripe, revealing 1 to 4 edible nuts inside. Dean Schoeppner