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The Red Army Faction (Rote Armee Fraktion, pronounced [ˌʁoːtə ʔaʁˈmeː fʁakˌtsi̯oːn] ⓘ; RAF [ˌɛʁʔaːˈʔɛf] ⓘ), [a] also known as the Baader–Meinhof Group or Baader–Meinhof Gang (German: Baader-Meinhof-Gruppe Baader-Meinhof-Bande [ˈbaːdɐ ˈmaɪnhɔf ˈɡʁʊpə] ⓘ), was a West German far-left militant group founded in 1970 and active until 1998.
The RAF was founded in 1970 by Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin, Ulrike Meinhof, Horst Mahler, and others. [1] The first generation of the organization was commonly referred to by the press and the government as the "Baader-Meinhof Gang", a name the group did not use to refer to itself. [2]
Ulrike Marie Meinhof (7 October 1934 – 9 May 1976) was a German left-wing journalist and founding member of the Red Army Faction (RAF) in West Germany, commonly referred to in the press as the "Baader-Meinhof gang". She is the reputed author of The Urban Guerilla Concept (1971).
The frequency illusion (also known as the Baader–Meinhof phenomenon), is a cognitive bias in which a person notices a specific concept, word, or product more frequently after recently becoming aware of it. The name "Baader–Meinhof phenomenon" was coined in 1994 by Terry Mullen in a letter to the St. Paul Pioneer Press. [1]
Memorial in Cologne. The kidnapping and murder of Hanns Martin Schleyer was one of the left-wing terrorist attacks called German Autumn in 1977.. German industrial leader and former Nazi SS officer Hanns Martin Schleyer was kidnapped on 5 September 1977, by the Red Army Faction (RAF), also known as Baader-Meinhof Gang, in Cologne, West Germany.
Baader was arrested on 4 April 1970 in Berlin. [22] Ensslin, Meinhof, who was at that time a well-known leftist journalist, and two other women freed him on 14 May 1970. One person was wounded. This was the beginning of the gang's violent actions, and the Red Army Faction. [23] Ensslin became one of the most wanted people in Germany. [24] [25]
Target Title Date Place Country Norbert Schmid [1]: German police officer 22 October 1971 Hamburg West Germany Herbert Schoner [2]: German police officer 22 December 1971
The Boston Globe called this book "the definitive study of the Baader- Meinhof gang". [1] In a review in The New York Times, Stephen Spender wrote that the book is "strong on facts and useful source material and is a good crime story" but criticized it as "turgidly written". [2]