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A bone scan or bone scintigraphy / s ɪ n ˈ t ɪ ɡ r ə f i / is a nuclear medicine imaging technique used to help diagnose and assess different bone diseases. These include cancer of the bone or metastasis , location of bone inflammation and fractures (that may not be visible in traditional X-ray images ), and bone infection (osteomyelitis).
where, is a convolution operator, C bone (t) is the bone tissue activity concentration of tracer (in units: MBq/ml) over a period of time t, C plasma (t) is the plasma concentration of tracer (in units: MBq/ml) over a period of time t, IRF(t) is equal to the sum of exponentials, β values are fixed between 0.0001 sec −1 and 0.1 sec −1 in ...
DXA is only able to provide the areal bone mineral density. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) is better than DXA at detecting bone microarchitecture, modeling whole-bone geometry using 3-dimensional information from scans. This method allows estimation of bone strength and other mechanical properties. [20]
Bone metastases on PET scan are usually multiple, irregularly distributed foci of increased tracer uptake without relationship to a single anatomic structure. [15] A PET scan can directly identify tumor cells with significant metabolic rate. However, it is a costly procedure and device availability may be limited. [15]
SPECT scans are significantly less expensive than PET scans, in part because they are able to use longer-lived and more easily obtained radioisotopes than PET. Because SPECT acquisition is very similar to planar gamma camera imaging, the same radiopharmaceuticals may be used. If a patient is examined in another type of nuclear medicine scan ...
By monitoring the gamma radiation resulting from the decay of carbon-11, the uptake, distribution, and retention of carbon-11 choline can be monitored. Choline occurs in the head groups of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin, which are abundant in cell membranes. It is the precursor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
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DPD scanning typically uses a gamma camera to obtain SPECT images, with an injection followed by an initial scan after 5 minutes, and a second scan after 3 hours. [3] Images are often scored using the "Perugini system" whereby: [4] [5] Grade 0 – no cardiac uptake and normal bone uptake; Grade 1 – cardiac uptake which is less intense than ...