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GARP was used by two applications: GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) for registering VLAN trunking between multilayer switches, and by the GARP Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP). The latter two were both mostly enhancements for VLAN-aware switches per definition in IEEE 802.1Q .
IEEE 802.1Q, often referred to as Dot1q, is the networking standard that supports virtual local area networking (VLANs) on an IEEE 802.3 Ethernet network. The standard defines a system of VLAN tagging for Ethernet frames and the accompanying procedures to be used by bridges and switches in handling such frames.
VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) is a Cisco proprietary protocol that propagates the definition of VLANs on the whole local area network. VTP is available on most of the Cisco Catalyst Family products. The comparable IEEE standard in use by other manufacturers is GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) or the more recent Multiple VLAN Registration ...
SRP employs variants of Multiple Registration Protocol (MRP) to register and de-register attribute values on switches/bridges/devices - the Multiple MAC Registration Protocol (MMRP), the Multiple VLAN Registration Protocol (MVRP), and the Multiple Stream Registration Protocol (MSRP). The SRP protocol essentially works in the following sequence:
The technique specified by the standard is known informally as stacked VLANs or QinQ. The original 802.1Q specification allows a single virtual local area network (VLAN) header to be inserted into an Ethernet frame. QinQ allows multiple VLAN tags to be inserted into a single frame, an essential capability for implementing metro Ethernet.
Technical corrections for Multiple Registration Protocol Incorporated into 802.1Q-2011 802.1ap-2008 Management Information Base (MIB) definitions for VLAN Bridges Incorporated into 802.1Q-2011 802.1aj-2009 Two Port MAC Relay (TPMR) Incorporated into 802.1Q-2011 802.1Qav-2009 Forwarding and Queuing Enhancements for Time-sensitive Streams
In multiple instances, Zeldin was paid over $10,000 for a single appearance. He also disclosed a combined $26,775 in payments from Fox News and Nexstar Media Group for "use of media studio."
One VLAN mapped to multiple spanning trees is not allowed. All the VLANs are mapped to the CIST by default. Once a VLAN is mapped to a specified MSTI, it is removed from the CIST.To avoid unnecessary STP processing, a port that is attached to a LAN with no other bridges/switches attached, can be configured as an edge port.