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Witchcraft or black magic is mentioned in sira (prophetic biographies) and hadith (reports about what Muhammad said and did), where Muhammad becomes ill because of an evil doer who uses a magic charm which is hidden "in a well" (in some versions of the story "hair left on the Prophet's comb" and "some other objects" are the charm, in another ...
A pair of fallen angels, Harut and Marut, are also mentioned to tempt people into learning sorcery. [Quran 2:102] Scholars of religious history have linked several magical practises in Islam with pre-Islamic Turkish and East African customs. Most notable of these customs is the Zār. [28] [18]
Some beliefs, such as the belief in jinn and other aspects of Muslim occult culture, are rooted in the Quran and the culture of early Islamic cosmography. In the same way, shrine veneration and acceptance, and the promotion of saintly miracles, has intimate connections to structures of Islamic religious authority and piety in Islamic history. [3]
This timeline of Islamic history relates the Gregorian and Islamic calendars in the history of Islam. This timeline starts with the lifetime of Muhammad, which is believed by non-Muslims to be when Islam started, [1] though not by Muslims. [2] [3] [4]
In parts of Southern Africa, several hundred people have been killed in witch-hunts since 1990. [156] Cameroon has re-established witchcraft-accusations in courts after its independence in 1967. [k] It was reported on 21 May 2008 that in Kenya a mob had burnt to death at least 11 people accused of witchcraft. [160]
Given the moral ambivalence ascribed to supernatural agents in Islamic tradition, exorcisms can be addressed to both good and evil spirits. [6] Jinn are thought to be able to enter and physically possess people for various reasons, while devils (shayāṭīn) assault the heart (qalb) and attempt to turn their victims to evil. [7]
First year of Islamic calendar. 623: January – Constitution of Medina. Establishment of the first Islamic state. 624: Battle of Badr. Expulsion of the Bani Qainuqa Jews from Medina. The direction of prayer is converted from Jerusalem to Mecca. [3] 624: Death of Ruqayyah daughter of Muhammad and wife of Uthman. 625: Battle of Uhud.
There were three main groups of early converts to Islam: younger brothers and sons of great merchants; people who had fallen out of the first rank in their tribe or failed to attain it; and the weak, mostly unprotected foreigners. [10] Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq; 6 First Muslim Martyr/first Muslim to be killed: Sumayyah bint Khabbab: 615 [11] [9]