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Nazi Germany was established in January 1933 with the appointment of Adolf Hitler as Chancellor of Germany, followed by suspension of basic rights with the Reichstag Fire Decree and the Enabling Act which gave Hitler's regime the power to pass and enforce laws without the involvement of the Reichstag or German president, and de facto ended with ...
The political science term Führerprinzip was coined by Hermann von Keyserling, an Estonian philosopher of German descent. [13] Ideologically, the Führerprinzip considers organizations to be a hierarchy of leaders, wherein each leader (Führer) has absolute responsibility in, and for, his own area of authority, is owed absolute obedience from subordinates, and answers to his superior officers ...
The predominance of Jews in Germany's banking, commerce and industry sectors during this time period was very high, even though Jews were estimated to account for only 1% of the population of Germany. [106] The overrepresentation of Jews in these areas fuelled resentment among non-Jewish Germans during periods of economic crisis. [107]
Mass dictatorship, also known as consensus dictatorship (German: Konsensdiktatur), is a concept developed to explain the phenomenon of a political dictatorship that rules primarily with popular support rather than by terror; it is therefore opposed to the totalitarianism theory of dictatorship. [1]
Nazi Germany, [i] officially known as the German Reich [j] and later the Greater German Reich, [k] refers to the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.
The victorious parties, led by Friedrich Ebert of the Social Democrats (SPD), scheduled an election on 19 January 1919 – in which women for the first time had equal voting rights with men [1] – for a national assembly that was to act as Germany's interim parliament and draft a new constitution. [2]
The Weimar Republic, [d] officially known as the German Reich, [e] was a historical period of Germany from 9 November 1918 to 23 March 1933, during which it was a constitutional republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclaimed itself, as the German Republic.
Germany is a member of the European Union and the Eurozone. Germany maintains a network of 229 diplomatic missions abroad and holds relations with more than 190 countries. [28] It is the largest contributor to the budget of the European Union (providing 27%) and third largest contributor to the United Nations (providing 8%).