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Official development assistance (ODA) is a category used by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to measure foreign aid. The DAC first adopted the concept in 1969. It is widely used as an indicator of international aid flow.
Japan's Official Development Assistance to China began in 1979 after the Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and China signed in 1978. From 1979 to 2013, Japan has provided 24 billion USD in loan aid and 7,796 million dollar in grant aid including US$6,577 million in technical cooperation, a total of US$32 billion.
In 1970, the United Nations set a target for donor countries to spend 0.7% of their gross national income (GNI) on official development assistance (ODA). [1] ODA is aid intended to promote the economic development and welfare of developing countries. [2] In 2004, the then-Labour government said it intended to reach the target by 2013.
Development assistance: is a synonym of development aid often used in international forums such as the UN and the OECD. Official development assistance (ODA) is aid given by OECD-member governments that specifically targets the economic development and welfare of countries with the lowest per capita incomes. [8]
To qualify as official development assistance, a contribution must contain three elements: Be undertaken by the official sector (that is, a government or government agency); With promotion of economic development and welfare as the main objective; At concessional financial terms (that is, with favorable loan terms.)
According to the OECD, official development assistance from Japan increased by 1.2% to US$16.3 billion in 2020. [1] JICA's core development programs (aid modalities) are technical assistance programs/projects for capacity and institutional development, feasibility studies and master plans, and dispatching specialists.
A map of official development assistance distribution in 2005. The distribution of high energy biscuits and medical supplies in Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo by UNICEF, 2008. The DR Congo was the second highest recipient of international aid in 2011, receiving US $5.532 billion. [1]
The Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development defines its aid measure, Official Development Assistance (ODA), as follows: "ODA consists of flows to developing countries and multilateral institutions provided by official agencies, including state and local governments, or by their executive agencies, each transaction of which meets the ...