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Official development assistance (ODA) is a category used by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to measure foreign aid. The DAC first adopted the concept in 1969. It is widely used as an indicator of international aid flow.
Japan's Official Development Assistance to China began in 1979 after the Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and China signed in 1978. From 1979 to 2013, Japan has provided 24 billion USD in loan aid and 7,796 million dollar in grant aid including US$6,577 million in technical cooperation, a total of US$32 billion.
Development assistance: is a synonym of development aid often used in international forums such as the UN and the OECD. Official development assistance (ODA) is aid given by OECD-member governments that specifically targets the economic development and welfare of countries with the lowest per capita incomes. [8]
According to the OECD, official development assistance from Japan increased by 1.2% to US$16.3 billion in 2020. [1] JICA's core development programs (aid modalities) are technical assistance programs/projects for capacity and institutional development, feasibility studies and master plans, and dispatching specialists.
The Act states the government must spend 0.7% of GNI on ODA in every calendar year from 2015. The OECD definition of ODA is applied. [3]Section 2 of the Act states that the Secretary of State must, once an annual report laid before Parliament shows that the 0.7% target has not been met in the report year, provide an explanatory statement for the shortfall.
To qualify as official development assistance, a contribution must contain three elements: Be undertaken by the official sector (that is, a government or government agency); With promotion of economic development and welfare as the main objective; At concessional financial terms (that is, with favorable loan terms.)
A map of official development assistance distribution in 2005. The distribution of high energy biscuits and medical supplies in Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo by UNICEF, 2008. The DR Congo was the second highest recipient of international aid in 2011, receiving US $5.532 billion. [1]
During the 1980s, Japan's foreign aid budget grew quickly, despite the budget constraints imposed by the effort to reduce the fiscal deficit. From 1984 to 1991, the Official Development Assistance (ODA) budget increased at an average annual rate of 22.5%, reaching US$11.1 billion by 1991. Part of this rise was the result of exchange rate ...