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Serum sickness is a type III hypersensitivity reaction, caused by immune complexes. [2] When an antiserum is given, the human immune system can mistake the proteins present for harmful antigens . The body produces antibodies, which combine with these proteins to form immune complexes. [ 2 ]
"A low-risk penicillin allergy was added to her chart as a 2 year old," said Stone, who is treating Woerner. "For 30+ years, this meant whenever she got sick, her doctors had to work around it."
Identifying an allergy to penicillin requires a hypersensitivity skin test, which diagnoses IgE-mediated immune responses caused by penicillin. This test is typically performed by an allergist who uses a skin-prick and intradermal injection of penicilloyl-polylysine, a negative control (normal saline), and a positive control ( histamine ).
Cellulitis in 2015 resulted in about 16,900 deaths worldwide, up from 12,600 in 2005. [8] Cellulitis is a common global health burden, with more than 650,000 admissions per year in the United States alone. In the United States, an estimated 14.5 million cases annually of cellulitis account for $3.7 billion in ambulatory care costs alone.
People with fish allergies have a 50% likelihood of being cross reactive with another fish species, [14] but some individuals are only allergic to one species, such as; tilapia [15] salmon, [13] or cod. A proper diagnosis is considered complicated due to these cross reactivity between fish species and other seafood allergies. [16]
Cross-allergic reactions occur among the β-lactam antibiotics. To determine whether treatment with a β-lactam is safe when an allergy is noted, patient history regarding severity of previous reaction is essential.
Cross-reactivity, in a general sense, is the reactivity of an observed agent which initiates reactions outside the main reaction expected. This has implications for any kind of test or assay , including diagnostic tests in medicine, and can be a cause of false positives .
Type III hypersensitivity, in the Gell and Coombs classification of allergic reactions, occurs when there is accumulation of immune complexes (antigen-antibody complexes) that have not been adequately cleared by innate immune cells, giving rise to an inflammatory response and attraction of leukocytes.