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The file is identified by a file descriptor that is normally obtained from a previous call to open. This system call reads in data in bytes, the number of which is specified by the caller, from the file and stores then into a buffer supplied by the calling process. The read system call takes three arguments: The file descriptor of the file.
wc (short for word count) is a command in Unix, Plan 9, Inferno, and Unix-like operating systems. The program reads either standard input or a list of computer files and generates one or more of the following statistics: newline count, word count, and byte count. If a list of files is provided, both individual file and total statistics follow.
The C programming language provides many standard library functions for file input and output.These functions make up the bulk of the C standard library header <stdio.h>. [1] The functionality descends from a "portable I/O package" written by Mike Lesk at Bell Labs in the early 1970s, [2] and officially became part of the Unix operating system in Version 7.
The null command may take parameters, which are ignored. It is also used as a no-op dummy command for side-effects such as assigning default values to shell variables through the ${parameter:=word} parameter expansion form. [2] For example, from bashbug, the bug-reporting script for Bash: : $
"foo" is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file. Some early Unix shells produced the equally cryptic " foo: no such file or directory " again accurately describing what is wrong but confusing users.
For instance, the GNU C preprocessor can be made more standards compliant by supplying certain command-line flags. [2] Features of the preprocessor are encoded in source code as directives that start with #. Although C++ source files are often named with a .cpp extension, that is an abbreviation for "C plus plus"; not C preprocessor.
The command supports several options via flags. It can be configured to issue a message using -p instead of needing to use the echo command. It can also superficially hide text using the -s flag, limit the amount of characters with -n, store the result in an array with -a, and timeout after a certain amount of time with -t.
More generally, Python 2.x specifies the built-in file objects as being “implemented using C's stdio package," [48] and frequent reference is made to C standard library behaviors; the available operations (open, read, write, etc.) are expected to have the same behavior as the corresponding C functions (fopen, fread, fwrite, etc.).