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Country foreign exchange reserves minus external debt. In international economics, the balance of payments (also known as balance of international payments and abbreviated BOP or BoP) of a country is the difference between all money flowing into the country in a particular period of time (e.g., a quarter or a year) and the outflow of money to the rest of the world.
The QR code system was invented in 1994 by Masahiro Hara from the Japanese company Denso Wave. [4]In December 2010, the first documented description of QR code-based payments came from two patents filed by Shaun Cooley and Andrew Charles Payne, based on a prototype system developed for Norton Labs at Symantec called Norton Mobile Pay.
A concept map or conceptual diagram is a diagram that depicts suggested relationships between concepts. [1] Concept maps may be used by instructional designers, engineers, technical writers, and others to organize and structure knowledge.
An early attempt at making micropayments work, iPIN was a 1998 venture-capital-funded startup that provided services that allowed purchasers to add incremental micropayment charges to their existing bill for Internet services. [13]
Balance of trade in goods and services (Eurozone countries) US trade balance from 1960 U.S. trade balance and trade policy (1895–2015) U.K. balance of trade in goods (since 1870)
Supply chain as connected supply and demand curves. In microeconomics, supply and demand is an economic model of price determination in a market.It postulates that, holding all else equal, the unit price for a particular good or other traded item in a perfectly competitive market, will vary until it settles at the market-clearing price, where the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied ...
In practice, however, specie flows during the classical gold standard era failed to exhibit the self-corrective behavior described above. Gold finding its way back from surplus to deficit countries to exploit price differences was a painfully slow process, and central banks found it far more effective to raise or lower domestic price levels by lowering or raising domestic interest rates.
An economy [a] is an area of the production, distribution and trade, as well as consumption of goods and services.In general, it is defined as a social domain that emphasize the practices, discourses, and material expressions associated with the production, use, and management of resources. [3]