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The chloralkali process (also chlor-alkali and chlor alkali) is an industrial process for the electrolysis of sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. It is the technology used to produce chlorine and sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), [ 1 ] which are commodity chemicals required by industry.
Another earlier process to produce chlorine was to heat brine with acid and manganese dioxide. 2 NaCl + 2H 2 SO 4 + MnO 2 → Na 2 SO 4 + MnSO 4 + 2 H 2 O + Cl 2. Using this process, chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele was the first to isolate chlorine in a laboratory. The manganese can be recovered by the Weldon process. [11]
The Castner–Kellner process is a method of electrolysis on an aqueous alkali chloride solution (usually sodium chloride solution) to produce the corresponding alkali hydroxide, [1] invented by American Hamilton Castner and Austrian Carl Kellner in the 1890s.
Euro Chlor is the association of chloralkali plant operators in Europe, its members representing 97% of European chlorine and sodium hydroxide production capacity. [1] Its main activities are collaboration with respect to production methods, safety and environmental protection.
The newest chlor-alkali processes rely on an ion-exchange membrane to separate the sodium and chloride ions of the sodium chloride. The ion-exchange membranes typically fluoropolymer based and can contain sulfonic acid groups. Figure 1 represents a condensed overview of a membrane cell process.
This article needs to be updated.The reason given is: This is a historical article, primarily based on the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition.Information on more recent methods should be integrated from Sodium hydroxide#Production, Chloralkali process, and others, to make this a workable overview of all the historical and modern methods.
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The Deacon process, invented by Henry Deacon, is a process used during the manufacture of alkalis (the initial end product was sodium carbonate) by the Leblanc process. Hydrogen chloride gas was converted to chlorine gas, which was then used to manufacture a commercially valuable bleaching powder , and at the same time the emission of waste ...