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The fasces is an Italian symbol that had its origin in the Etruscan civilization and was passed on to ancient Rome, where it symbolized a Roman king's power to punish his subjects, [1] and later, a magistrate's power and jurisdiction. The axe has its own separate and older origin.
Some officials of the medieval Eastern Roman Empire carried maces for either practical or ceremonial purposes. Notable among the latter is the protoallagator, a military-judicial position that existed by about the 10th century A.D. and whose symbols of office were reported by the Palaiologan writer Pseudo-Kodinos in the 14th century to include a silver-gilt mace (matzouka).
Mace (bludgeon), a weapon with a heavy head on a solid shaft used to bludgeon opponents Flail (weapon), a spiked weapon on a chain, sometimes called a chain mace or mace-and-chain; Ceremonial mace, an ornamented mace used in civic ceremonies; Gada (mace), the blunt mace or club from India Kaumodaki, the gada (mace) of the Hindu god Vishnu
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A mural of Bhima with his mace. A mace is a blunt weapon, a type of club or virge that uses a heavy head on the end of a handle to deliver powerful strikes. A mace typically consists of a strong, heavy, wooden or metal shaft, often reinforced with metal, featuring a head made of stone, bone, copper, bronze, iron, or steel.
Crowns became essential parts of the regalia of the Roman emperors during the Roman imperial period. [21] The laurel wreaths of a triumphator were often worn by imperial portraits, as were radiate crowns. [21] According to Pliny the Elder, the Arval Brethren, an ancient Roman priesthood, were accustomed to wear a wreath of grain sheaves. [22]
A man holding the mace, to show scale. The design of the mace is derived from an ancient battle weapon and the Roman fasces.The ceremonial mace is 46 inches (120 cm) high and consists of 13 ebony rods—representing the original 13 states of the Union—bound together by silver strands criss-crossed over the length of the pole.
Gallo-Roman examples of the fascinum in bronze. The topmost is an example of the "fist and phallus" amulet with a manus fica. Phallus inscribed on a paving stone at Pompeii. In ancient Roman religion and magic, the fascinus or fascinum was the embodiment of the divine phallus.