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Reservoir engineers also play a central role in field development planning, recommending appropriate and cost-effective reservoir depletion schemes such as waterflooding or gas injection to maximize hydrocarbon recovery.
Paraffinic hydrocarbons are part of the alkane series, [10] and are the most common hydrocarbon found in crude oil. [11] Paraffins are often a part of gasoline, making them comparatively more valuable. [11] Paraffinic hydrocarbons are also known as alkanes, and are represented by the formula C n H 2n+2, where n is a positive integer. [12]
In the fossil fuel industries, hydrocarbon refers to naturally occurring petroleum, natural gas and coal, or their hydrocarbon derivatives and purified forms. Combustion of hydrocarbons is the main source of the world's energy. Petroleum is the dominant raw-material source for organic commodity chemicals such as solvents and polymers.
In petroleum geology, the maturity of a rock is a measure of its state in terms of hydrocarbon generation. Maturity is established using a combination of geochemical and basin modelling techniques. Rocks with high total organic carbon , (termed source rocks ), will alter under increasing temperature such that the organic molecules slowly mature ...
The hydrogen index can be estimated from the composition and density of the hydrocarbons Given a fixed volume, gas has considerably lower hydrogen concentration. When pore spaces in the rock are excavated and replaced with gas, the formation has smaller neutron-slowing characteristic, hence the terms "Excavation Effect".
Flaring a flow test, the first outward indication of a new oil or gas discovery, which has the potential to qualify for reserves assessment. Oil and gas reserves denote discovered quantities of crude oil and natural gas (oil or gas fields) that can be profitably produced/recovered from an approved development.
Hydrocarbon exploration is a high risk investment and risk assessment is paramount for successful project portfolio management. Exploration risk is a difficult concept and is usually defined by assigning confidence to the presence of the imperative geological factors, as discussed above.
While most petrophysicists work in the hydrocarbon industry, some also work in the mining, water resources, geothermal energy, and carbon capture and storage industries. Petrophysics is part of the geosciences , and its studies are used by petroleum engineering , geology , geochemistry , exploration geophysics and others.