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For many of the loci, trinucleotide expansion is harmless, [citation needed] but in some areas expansion has detrimental effects that cause symptoms. When the trinucleotide repeat is present within the protein-coding region, the repeat expansion leads to production of a mutant protein with gain of function .
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
A trinucleotide repeat expansion, also known as a triplet repeat expansion, is the DNA mutation responsible for causing any type of disorder categorized as a trinucleotide repeat disorder. These are labelled in dynamical genetics as dynamic mutations . [ 1 ]
Clonal expansion and monoclonal versus polyclonal proliferation. A clone is a group of identical cells that share a common ancestry, meaning they are derived from the same cell. [1] Clonality implies the state of a cell or a substance being derived from one source or the other.
There must not be crosstalk between the new tRNA/synthase pair and the existing tRNA/synthase molecules, only with the ribosomes. An expanded genetic code is an artificially modified genetic code in which one or more specific codons have been re-allocated to encode an amino acid that is not among the 22 common naturally-encoded proteinogenic amino acids.
Intergenic regions may contain a number of functional DNA sequences such as promoters and regulatory elements, enhancers, spacers, and (in eukaryotes) centromeres. [2] They may also contain origins of replication, scaffold attachment regions, and transposons and viruses.
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Expansion microscopy is a multistep process that, depending on the protocol, has different requirements for gelation and expansion. The sequence of steps are stain, link, digest, and expand. [ 5 ] The staining process can take many different forms, and only requires that the fluorophores used can attach to the polymer in the next step.