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The Portuguese Colonial War (Portuguese: Guerra Colonial Portuguesa), also known in Portugal as the Overseas War (Guerra do Ultramar) or in the former colonies as the War of Liberation (Guerra de Libertação), and also known as the Angolan, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambican War of Independence, was a 13-year-long conflict fought between Portugal's military and the emerging nationalist movements in ...
In southwestern Africa, Portuguese Angola was a historical colony of the Portuguese Empire (1575–1951), the overseas province Portuguese West Africa [a] of Estado Novo Portugal (1951–1972), and the State of Angola of the Portuguese Empire (1972–1975). It became the independent People's Republic of Angola in 1975
The two countries fought to a stalemate over Angola, until in 1648 the governor of Rio de Janeiro and Angola, Salvador de Sá, with a Brazilian Portuguese fleet from Rio de Janeiro reached Luanda and finding the city defended by 1200 Dutch troops, besieged them and regained it for Portugal exactly seven years after its loss. [1]
On 12 August, Portugal began airlifting more than 200,000 white Portuguese Angolans from Luanda to Lisbon, via "Operation Air Bridge". South African forces invaded Angola on 23 October 1975, [85] covertly sending 1,500 to 2,000 troops from Namibia into southern Angola. FNLA-UNITA-South African forces took five provincial capitals, including ...
Portugal got more territory in the Zambezi Valley, but ceded the Manicaland Province to British and renounce claims of Pink Map. [33]: 6–7 2nd Luso-Ovimbo War (1890–1904) Bailundo Revolt (1902–1904) Part of Campaigns of Pacification and Occupation; Location: Angola. Portugal. Portuguese Angola; Ovimbundu Kingdoms: Victory: 31 January 1891 ...
Angola exported slaves at a rate of 10,000 per year in 1612. [5] Queen Nzinga in peace negotiations with the Portuguese governor in Luanda, 1657. The Portuguese built a new port in Benguela in 1616 to expand Portugal's access to Angolan slaves. [6]
Agostinho Neto, MPLA leader and Angola's first president, meets with Poland's ambassador in Luanda in 1978. The agreement did not establish a mechanism to verify the number of fighters from each force. All three parties soon had forces greater in number than the Portuguese did, which endangered the colonial power's ability to keep the peace.
The colonial history of Angola is usually considered to run from the appearance of the Portuguese under Diogo Cão in 1482 [1] or 1484 (Angolan coast) [2] until the independence of Angola in November 1975. Settlement did not begin until Novais's establishment of São Paulo de Loanda in 1575, however, and the Portuguese government only formally ...