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Patibular forks on a hill, after 1480. A patibular fork was a gallows that consisted of two or more columns of stone, with a horizontal beam of wood resting on top. Placed high and visible from the main public thoroughfare, it signalled the seat of high justice, the number of stone columns indicating the holder's title.
Hypergamy (colloquially referred to as "dating up" or "marrying up" [1]) is a term used in social science for the act or practice of a person dating or marrying a spouse of higher social status or sexual capital than themselves. The antonym "hypogamy" [a] refers to the inverse: marrying a person of lower social class or status (colloquially ...
Molony stated that the women chronicled in the book had "eloquent yet matter-of-fact voices". [4] Molony argued that the introduction should have had been "expanded", and she criticized the title because almost all of the chronicled women were not put to death; Molony characterized her own criticisms as "minor".
A gallows (or less precisely scaffold) is a frame or elevated beam, typically wooden, from which objects can be suspended or "weighed". Gallows were thus widely used to suspend public weighing scales for large and heavy objects such as sacks of grain or minerals, usually positioned in markets or toll gates.
Westermarck argues that marriage is a social institution that rests on a biological foundation, and developed through a process in which human males came to live together with human females for sexual gratification, companionship, mutual economic aid, procreation, and the joint rearing of offspring.
Endogamy is the cultural practice of mating within a specific social group, religious denomination, caste, or ethnic group, rejecting any from outside of the group or belief structure as unsuitable for marriage or other close personal relationships.
Exogamy is the social norm of mating or marrying outside one's social group.The group defines the scope and extent of exogamy, and the rules and enforcement mechanisms that ensure its continuity.
He has been described as "first Darwinian sociologist" or "the first sociobiologist", [10] as well as “an authority in the history of morals and of marriage customs.” [8] He denied the then prevailing view that early human beings lived in sexual promiscuity, arguing that in fact historically monogamy preceded polygamy. [7]