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Salix viminalis is a multistemmed shrub growing to between 3 and 6 m (9.8 and 19.7 ft) (rarely to 10 m (33 ft)) tall. It has long, erect, straight branches with greenish-grey bark.
Art: Willow is used to make charcoal (for drawing) [61] as well as living sculptures, woven from live willow rods into shapes such as domes and tunnels. Willow stems are used to weave baskets and three-dimensional sculptures of animals and other figures. Willow stems are also used to create garden features, such as decorative panels and obelisks.
Salix purpurea, the purple willow, [2] purpleosier willow, [3] or purple osier, is a species of willow native to most of Europe and western Asia north to the British Isles, Poland, and the Baltic States. [4] [5] [6] Foliage
A withy or withe (also willow and osier) is a strong flexible willow stem, typically used in thatching, basketmaking, gardening and for constructing woven wattle hurdles. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 1 ] The term is also used to refer to any type of flexible rod of natural wood used in rural crafts such as hazel or ash created through coppicing or pollarding .
Salix × rubra, the green-leaved willow or red osier, is a naturally occurring hybrid species of flowering plant in the family Salicaceae. [1] [2] It is the result of crosses between Salix purpurea (purple willow) and Salix viminalis (common osier). [3] It is native to a large part of Europe, found where the parent species' ranges overlap. [1]
Cornus sericea, the red osier or red-osier dogwood, [2] is a species of flowering plant in the family Cornaceae, native to much of North America. It has sometimes been considered a synonym of the Asian species Cornus alba .
Two sorts of bark were smoked, one being known as "red willow" (Cornus stolonifera Michx.) and the other as "spotted willow" (Cornus rugosa Lam.). The inner bark is used, after being toasted over a fire and powdered. It is then stored in a cloth or leather bag, and may be used on its own or in combination with other herbs. [12]
An osier bed or osiery is where historically willows were planted and coppiced to produce withies, which were used for basket making, fish-traps, and other purposes. The willow species Salix viminalis , known as the "common osier" was typically, although not exclusively, grown for this purpose.