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A neutrino (/ nj uː ˈ t r iː n oʊ / new-TREE-noh; denoted by the Greek letter ν) is an elementary particle that interacts via the weak interaction and gravity. [2] [3] The neutrino is so named because it is electrically neutral and because its rest mass is so small that it was long thought to be zero.
A method that allows to further narrow the energy distribution of the produced neutrinos is the usage of the so-called off-axis beam. [6] The accelerator neutrino beam is a wide beam that has no clear boundaries, because the neutrinos in it do not move in parallel, but have a certain angular distribution.
All plasma proteins except Gamma-globulins are synthesised in the liver. [1] Human serum albumin, osmolyte and carrier protein; α-fetoprotein, the fetal counterpart of serum albumin; Soluble plasma fibronectin, forming a blood clot that stops bleeding; C-reactive protein, opsonin on microbes, [2] acute phase protein; Various other globulins
The pp production process, in which hydrogen is fused into helium, is the primary source of energy production in the Sun (as well as other stars similar to the Sun that tend to be burn cooler and are smaller in size) as well as the dominant source of neutrinos, specifically electron neutrinos (+ + +).
The search for sterile neutrinos is an active area of particle physics. If they exist and their mass is smaller than the energies of particles in the experiment, they can be produced in the laboratory, either by mixing between active and sterile neutrinos or in high energy particle collisions. If they are heavier, the only directly observable ...
ANP-deficient mice were found to have a large increase in heart and left ventricular weight in response to volume overload, which is normally prevented by proper regulation of blood pressure. [12] Using a knock-in (KI) rat model, researchers found an AF-associated human variant in NPPA caused inflammation, fibroblast activation, atrial fibrosis ...
In plants, nitric oxide can be produced by any of four routes: (i) L-arginine-dependent nitric oxide synthase, [54] [55] [56] (although the existence of animal NOS homologs in plants is debated), [57] (ii) plasma membrane-bound nitrate reductase, (iii) mitochondrial electron transport chain, or (iv) non-enzymatic reactions.
Supernova neutrinos are weakly interactive elementary particles produced during a core-collapse supernova explosion. [1] A massive star collapses at the end of its life, emitting on the order of 10 58 neutrinos and antineutrinos in all lepton flavors. [2] The luminosity of different neutrino and antineutrino species are roughly the same. [3]